Critter of the Month
Hey everyone! It’s Charlotte Reisiger from the Lake Stewardship Committee. Every month, we will write about a new critter that we have around our lake. Big or small, all nature deserves our appreciation!
Photo Source: https://www.livescience.com/why-beavers-build-dams
June 2026
North American Beaver
(Castor Canadensis)
On our nickel, Canada’s national symbol, countless mascots, and their “tail” is a wonderful treat! Any guesses on who our critter is this month?
The North American beaver (Castor canadensis) is a very loved, but very misunderstood mammal. Beavers are the second largest rodent in the world, and the biggest one in Canada, growing to be around 40-50 pounds. They are native to all of Ontario and live anywhere that has flowing water and trees.
We have more in common with beavers than we think! Humans and beavers are the only mammals that alter their environments to directly benefit themselves. The original engineers of our landscape, beavers can make something from nothing and turn a dry wasteland to an area teeming with life and are often used in ecosystem restoration plans. We can use beavers as a tool to help ameliorate (to make better) the impacts of most types of environmental change. They can create so much change, in fact, that scientists and engineers have mathematic equations to account for the impact a beaver has on an ecosystem! In Wood Buffalo National Park in Alberta, there is a beaver dam stretching an astonishing 850 meters (2,790 feet). It is visible from outer space!
Beavers mate for life, and their kits live with them until they are about 2 years old. If you are lucky enough to see a baby, they ride on their parents backs until they are strong enough to swim on their own. Beavers are herbivores and eat the bark and twigs from younger trees. Like how we use our refrigerators, they store their twigs underwater in caches to save for the winter months. These caches create homes and nurseries for minnows and game fish like Largemouth Bass. They need to cut down trees so often not only for food and building materials, but also because they need to wear down their teeth because they continuously grow! Their teeth can grow a total of 6 feet in their ten-year life span, which is around 4-6 inches per year! You will most likely see them during dawn and dusk, making beavers something called “crepuscular”.
Beavers are not very skilled walkers but are amazing swimmers, using their webbed feet and paddle-like tail to help them move up to 10 km/hour. They can hold their breath for around 15 minutes which helps them find air pockets under the ice during the winter months.
Some history: In the 1600’s, beavers were the basis of the fur trade and a vital resource to Indigenous peoples in Canada as their pelts are very warm and waterproof. Their furs and engineering abilities are almost solely responsible for the Canada we know and are lucky to live in today.
No matter how cute and interesting, we cannot forget that beavers are sometimes considered a pest and are treated as such. Beavers can still be detrimental to property and livelihoods. Farmers can lose entire fields of crops and landowners can lose a lot of money if a beaver decides they want to flood a patch of land.
If you do have a beaver around, make sure you still respect their space! That loud tail slap is a warning to not come any closer. They are shy and like to be left alone.
Always talk to a professional before trying to remove a beaver from your land, as it is illegal to do so without a proper trapping license and often possible to relocate them in a humane way!
Sources:
https://crowspath.org/beaver-teeth/
https://harvest.usask.ca/server/api/core/bitstreams/1885985a-c996-4445-aa70-5aa51142dfff/content
https://parks.canada.ca/pn-np/nt/woodbuffalo/nature/beaver_gallery
https://ontarioturtle.ca/2019/07/natures-engineers-how-beavers/
https://tidcf.nrcan.gc.ca/en/diseases-and-damage-caused-by-other-agents/factsheet/2
https://trca.ca/conservation/restoration/beavers/
Winter Tracks: https://northernbushcraft.com/animalTracks/beaver/notes.htm
.Photo Credit: Charlotte Reisiger
May 2026
Clams of Haliburton
In previous creatures of the month, we have talked about animals that live above the water and on land. This month, our creature lives below the waterline. Freshwater clams are an often unnoticed and unsightly brown bump in the muck near our docks. They may just look like rocks that move, but inside their shells are a remarkable technology that filters our water and keeps our lake healthy.
Without them, not only would our lake be murky, it would also have an excess of sediment, harmful algae, bacteria and pollutants. Clams also have the ability to filter things like pharmaceuticals, personal care products, herbicides, flame retardants, E. coli, avian influenza, and heavy metals out of our water! Our freshwater clams also help keep our lake bottom held together, similarly to how trees hold river-banks together. Standing up right and burrowing into the lake bottom helps lessen substrate loss from wavy days and currents moving throughout the lake. To move around, they have something called a foot, which they use to push themselves along the bottom, creating those lines you may see in the sand on a sunny day!
They are a great source of food for Raccoons, Minks, Muskrats and Otters, when they have been eaten, their shells provide shelter for invertebrates like crayfish and aquatic insects.
These small creatures are incredibly powerful and efficient. Though our freshwater clams are not quite as efficient an oyster, who can singularly filter up to 50 gallons of water per day; a freshwater mussel can filter about 1.5 litres in an hour (9 US. Gallons/day). The population we have in Boshkung Lake easily filters thousands of gallons of water per day!
Another remarkable thing about freshwater clams is their means of reproduction. Many clams have evolved to have devices resembling bait for fish, like pieces of carrion, and in one case, a small fish that moves! You can check that out here: https://www.wired.com/2015/10/absurd-creature-of-the-week-lampsilis/
After baiting the fish with something that seems tasty, the clam shoots out tiny juveniles (resembling the character “Pacman”) that stick to the fish which are usually Perch, Sunfish and Bass species. Once the juvenile clams are mature enough, they drop off to find a home in the muck and rocks. This does not kill the fish, as it is a symbiotic relationship (both species benefit). The clam eggs get a free ride, and fish get clean water to swim, eat and live in.
Clams have historically been used as an indicator species, specifically for water quality. Like other species, their presence and absence tell us a lot about the water they live in. In another interesting article, a Polish Water treatment facility actually use clams as a real time indicators, or an alarm system to ensure proper chemical levels in the water they output for drinking. You can check out that article here: https://www.zmescience.com/ecology/poznan-mussel-water-plants-892524/
Freshwater clams are a serious underdog that we do not give enough credit to. Many experts call them the “unseen hero”! Without them, Boshkung lake would not look the same. Next time you see one, make sure you say thank you!
Sources:
https://www.zmescience.com/ecology/poznan-mussel-water-plants-892524/
https://www.wired.com/2015/10/absurd-creature-of-the-week-lampsilis/
https://www.fws.gov/story/2024-04/mussels-muscles-healthy-waterway
April 2026
American Marten
CLICK PHOTOS TO ENLARGE
A shy, quick mammal not very many people are lucky enough to see, the American Marten is a skilled hunter and an incredible forest animal.
American Martens (Martes americana) are in the weasel family, which means they are built for sneaking around. Their slender bodies help them fit into small spaces and climb trees, perfect for hunting small animals like voles, mice, squirrels, chipmunks, small birds and eggs. They also are occasionally scavengers, eating carrion (dead animals) as well as nuts and berries. They are around the size of a very lanky house cat! Martens are around 50-60 cm long but weigh only around 1kg (about two bricks of butter) and can vary in different shades of brown-grey with a yellow-white underbelly. However, unlike cats, Martens do not have retractable claws! This makes climbing trees easy when evading predators and while hunting.
With their range spanning all across North America, the American Marten needs mature forest to live in. Areas that are relatively untouched in cottage country, like here in Haliburton, make the perfect homes for them. These rare critters live in hollow fallen logs or hollow trees, and generally stay away from areas of high human activity (like campgrounds). They mate in the late summer, and females enter an embryonic diapause (delayed implantation) until the winter and 1-4 young are born in the early spring. Mothers and their young stay together for a few months, then they become solitary again until mating season in July. Martens can live up to 10 years in the wild!
The Marten is often confused with the American Mink, another type of weasel that is present in the Haliburton area. Minks are much more common, as well as smaller, darker and have a white spot on their chin (some people think they resemble a pet ferret!). Minks also live around water, not in dense forests, because their diet consists mostly of fish and crustaceans.
Historically, Martens have been trapped for their soft furs, making them an important animal for many people’s cultures and livelihoods. However, due to irresponsible hunting and poaching, forestry practices that remove mature forests (and in turn the habitats they create), as well as forest fires have made Marten numbers decline and they are now listed federally as a Species of Concern.
Have you ever seen a Marten? They are very rare and shy, and we should consider ourselves lucky if the opportunity to see them comes up!
If you have seen one, you can report your findings on iNaturalist at:
For sightings, please visit:
Learn more about the American Marten at:
https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/marten
Sources:
https://animalia.bio/american-mink?environment=310
https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=americanmarten.main
https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/marten
https://www.ealt.ca/blog/fun-facts-marten
https://www.fs.usda.gov/pnw/pubs/journals/pnw_2002_bull001.pdf
https://natural-resources.canada.ca/forest-forestry/sustainable-forest-management/marten
For Comparison Purposes
American Mink
The American mink (Neogale vison) is a small, amphibious weasel inhabiting wetlands throughout Canada, excluding the tundra, and is abundant along the British Columbia coastline. Part of the genus Neogale, the American mink is closely related to the long-tailed weasel (Neogale frenata) and now extinct sea mink (Neogale macrodon), among others.
Source:
March 2026
Eastern Red-backed Salamander
Photo by Martin Ouellet - Amphibia-Nature
Photo by Joe Crowley
As one of the most plentiful amphibians here in the Algonquin Highlands, it’s common to flip over an old rotten log and see an Eastern Red-backed Salamander squirming about. Though small and slimy, the Eastern Red-backed salamander is a fascinating creature that we should all come to familiarize ourselves with and appreciate.
These little salamanders are not something to be scared of. They keep to themselves and do not like to be bothered (much like some of us!). They will not bite you and are not poisonous or venomous. They help us out by eating bugs we consider pests: spiders and mites, ants, centipedes, and slugs (and lots of other creepy crawlies)! They like living in damp, dark places, like under rocks and logs, maybe even near the foundation of your cottage, underneath leaf litter. They need to live in moist places because they do not have lungs; they actually breathe through their skin, and need to be wet in order to breathe.
This is important to remember when you find one and want to pick it up. Natural oils, lotions, sunscreen and bug spray on our hands can be very harmful to salamanders. It’s important to only enjoy their company with your eyes, and not touch them. If you do need to pick them up, clean your hands thoroughly and then wet your hands with clean water to avoid harming their skin.
Red-backed Salamanders are also masters of escape! Sometimes, when threatened, their tails will drop and continue to wiggle to confuse predators while they make a quick getaway. Don’t worry though, their limbs can grow back fully in a few months! How incredible! These salamanders are quite resilient to change and are often the first type of amphibian to repopulate areas impacted by fires and forestry projects.
Unlike some of their other amphibian friends, Eastern Redbacks lay their eggs on land, which they guard until they hatch and get big enough to venture off on their own. When they hatch, they’re around 2 cm, and they can grow up to 12 centimetres. They are called Eastern Redbacked Salamanders because of their orangey-red stripe down their backs, but they can also be grey and splotchy, a phase they go through called the Lead-back phase.
It’s important to keep these critters safe:
When doing yard work, being alert and careful when digging can go a long way.
Avoid using pesticides and herbicides
Do not get rid of old logs and leaf litter unless absolutely necessary
Never handle these salamanders without following proper protocol (no sunscreen, bugspray or lotion)
Have you seen one? We’d love to know! You can report your sightings here:
https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/herps-of-ontario
Sources:
https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/eastern-red-backed-salamander
[Posted: February 19, 2026]
FERNS OF THE HALIBURTON HIGHLANDS
Stay tuned for the Spring 2026 Edition of The Informer:
Ferns of the Haliburton Highlands: Forest Treasures of Boshkung Lake
Nestled in the rolling forests and granite shield of the Haliburton Highlands, Boshkung Lake is not just a haven for swimmers, boaters, and birds. Beneath the trees and along its shaded shorelines lies a quietly fascinating community of plants that have existed since before the age of dinosaurs — the ferns . . . .
Field Identification Guide:
In the meantime, here’s a short Field Guide to assist you in identifying the common ferns found near Boshkung Lake.
Keeping in mind that only one fern noted is an edible fiddlehead producer, the Ostrich Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris).
Common Ferns Found Around Boshkung Lake
🌿 OSTRICH FERN (Matteuccia struthiopteris)
✅ Edible fiddlehead producer
🌿 LADY FERN (Athyrium filix-femina)
⚠️ Not recommended for foraging
🌿 SENSITIVE FERN (Onoclea sensibilis)
❌ Not edible
CLICK PHOTOS TO ENLARGE
🌿 WOOD FERN (Dryopteris species)
❌Not edible
🌿 CHRISTMAS FERN (Polystichum acrostichoides)
❌ Not edible
Water Quality Monitoring Report
Water Quality Monitoring Program:
Our lake is not an ‘island’ unto itself, but part of a greater lake system.
To better understand our lake and the lakes around us, last year we joined The Woodlands and Waterways EcoWatch Program.
The goals of this monitoring program are:
To develop water quality monitoring protocols and practices specific to the aquatic health concerns in the region.
To develop and grow a database of water quality measurements that will provide long-term information on lake health in Haliburton County.
Mystery Snail Update: 2024
30 people on Boshkung Lake were licensed to collect invasive Mystery Snails in 2024.
For a copy of this year’s report, Click Here.
If you wish to join BLPOA’s Mystery Snail Team next year, please contact Lake Steward Jeff Woods at blpoa1@gmail.com. This is a great opportunity for high school students to gain volunteer hours while expanding their environmental and lake health knowledge.
BLPOA and CHA: Removal of Banded Mystery Snail
The Chinese Mystery Snail and Banded Mystery Snail are invasive species that’ve been introduced into our lakes.
Through our participation with the CHA (Coalition of Haliburton Property Owners Association), our lake has 28 volunteers involved in this program and together they’ve removed over 1,000,000 snails from Haliburton County lakes.
Please see the recent article about it by Thomas Smith with The Echo at the link below or Click Here.
Boshkung Lake Property Owners’ Association is a member of the Coalition for Equitable Water Flow (cewf.ca), a local volunteer organization that works closely with the Trent Severn Waterway (TSW) in representing property owners on the reservoir system.
CEWF has produced the following two videos to explain why water levels are either higher or lower than normal and to assist property owners in preparing their waterfronts for the extremes of high and low water.
1. Understanding the TSW and Climate Change
2. Protecting Your Waterfront
During the BLPOA’s Annual General Meeting on Saturday, July 8th, 2023, we had the benefit of having Ted Spence, CEWF Chair, as our guest speaker.
In addition to showing the video Extreme Water Levels: What You Can Do, he discussed in detail the information in his Presentation to the BLPOA on July 8, 2023.
Sign up for Email alerts at the CEWF Website at: www.cewf.ca
View Drawdown Forecasts at: Current Drawdown Forecast
View Live Water Levels at: Trent-Severn Waterway water levels
BLPOA Supports the Coalition of Equitable Water Flow (cewf.ca)
Old Growth Forest in Haliburton Forest earns Historical Conservation Status
“A privately owned old-growth forest near Haliburton, Ont., is becoming the first in Canada to receive conservation status under a new special designation.
The South Freezy Lake old-growth forest is owned by Haliburton Forest and Wild Life Reserve, a logging company that supports forest conservation and sustainability by protecting some of its lands from timber harvesting and industrial activity. In collaboration with the Nature Conservancy of Canada, Haliburton Forest announced that it will designate its South Freezy Lake site as an Other Effective area-based Conservation Measure (OECM).”
Fire Prevention
Learn more about how to stay safe and protect the people and places you love by accessing the information available here:
Lake Health
Boshkung Lake is situated on the Canadian Shield with shallow acidic soils and granite substrata.
Contact the Boshkung Lake Steward for information regarding the water and soil health of our lake and surrounding area at:
Septic
Maintaining a healthy septic system is a high priority for all of us as we want future generations to enjoy the quality of our lakes and rivers as our families do today. BLPOA has been active in this initiative. Learn from the resources below.
Shorelines
BLPOA has been proactively engaged in creating awareness and programs that help all of us better understand how to be good stewards of our land and waters, including our shorelines.
